Diabetic retinopathy is a serious eye condition that is a complication of diabetes. It damages the blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Over time, high blood sugar levels from diabetes can weaken and damage these blood vessels, causing them to leak, swell, and even close off completely.

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in adults. However, early detection and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of vision loss.

Diabetic retinopathy typically progresses through several stages:

• Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR): This is the early stage of diabetic retinopathy, where the blood vessels in the retina begin to weaken and leak. Small bulges called microaneurysms may form in the blood vessel walls.

• Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR): This is the advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy, where new, abnormal blood vessels begin to grow on the surface of the retina. These new blood vessels are fragile and prone to bleeding, which can lead to scarring and vision loss.

• Poor Blood Sugar Control: High blood sugar levels are the primary risk factor for diabetic retinopathy.

• High Blood Pressure: High blood pressure can further damage the blood vessels in the retina.

• High Cholesterol: High cholesterol levels can contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy.

• Long Duration of Diabetes: The longer you have diabetes, the higher your risk of developing diabetic retinopathy.

• Pregnancy: Pregnancy can worsen diabetic retinopathy.

• Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of diabetic retinopathy.