Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, the vital nerve that connects your eye to your brain. This damage often occurs due to a buildup of pressure inside the eye, known as intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, but early detection and treatment can often prevent or slow down vision loss.

The optic nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain. When the optic nerve is damaged, it can lead to blind spots in your field of vision. These blind spots may not be noticeable at first, but over time, they can expand and lead to significant vision loss.

The most common types of glaucoma include:

• Open-Angle Glaucoma: This is the most common type, where the drainage angle in the eye is open, but the fluid drains too slowly, leading to a gradual increase in IOP.

• Angle-Closure Glaucoma: This type occurs when the drainage angle in the eye becomes blocked, causing a sudden and rapid increase in IOP.

• Normal-Tension Glaucoma: In this type, the optic nerve is damaged even though the IOP is within the normal range.

• Congenital Glaucoma: This is a rare type of glaucoma that is present at birth.

• Age: The risk of glaucoma increases with age.

• Family History: A family history of glaucoma increases your risk.

• High Intraocular Pressure (IOP): Elevated IOP is a major risk factor.

• Race: African Americans and Hispanics have a higher risk of developing glaucoma.

• Nearsightedness (Myopia): Nearsighted individuals have a higher risk.

• Diabetes: Diabetes increases the risk of glaucoma.

• High Blood Pressure: High blood pressure can contribute to glaucoma.

• Corticosteroid Use: Long-term use of corticosteroids can increase IOP.