A pterygium (pronounced tur-IJ-ee-um) is a non-cancerous growth of the conjunctiva, the clear, thin tissue that covers the white part of your eye (sclera) and the inside of your eyelids. It typically starts on the side of the eye closest to the nose and can gradually grow onto the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye.

While a pterygium is not cancerous, it can cause discomfort, irritation, and blurred vision if it grows large enough to distort the shape of the cornea.

• Redness and Inflammation: The eye may become red and irritated, especially when exposed to wind, dust, or sunlight.

• Gritty or Sandy Feeling: You may feel like there is something in your eye.

• Blurred Vision: If the pterygium grows onto the cornea, it can distort the shape of the cornea and cause blurred vision.

• Foreign Body Sensation: The pterygium itself may feel like a foreign object in your eye.

• Cosmetic Concerns: The visible growth on the eye can be a cosmetic concern for some people.

The exact cause of pterygium is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development:

• Prolonged Exposure to Sunlight: UV radiation from the sun is a major risk factor.

• Dry Eye: Dry eye can irritate the conjunctiva and increase the risk of pterygium.

• Wind and Dust: Exposure to wind and dust can also irritate the conjunctiva.

• Genetics: Some people may be genetically predisposed to developing pterygium.